IELTS Writing Task -1
Picture Description:
Q.1. The diagrams below show the life cycle of a species of large fish called the salmon.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Ans: Salmon begin life as eggs on a pebbly riverbed, hidden among reeds in the slow-moving upper reaches of a river. After five to six months the eggs hatch into ‘fry’ for approximately the next four years, these baby salmon will live in the lower, faster-flowing waters of their river. During this time they measure between three and eight centimetres in length.By the time salmon reach twelve to fifteen centimetres, they are terned ‘smolt’, and at this time they migrate further downriver into the open sea. After five years at sea, the salmon will have grown to adult size, which is between seventy and seventy-six centimetres. They then begin swimming back to their birthplace, where they will lay their eggs, and the cycle starts anew.In summary, the salmon passes through three distinct physical stages as it grows to maturity. Each of these stages takes place in a very different aquatic location. It is noteworthy that the first two stages of this fish's life occur in a freshwater environment, while the third stage is lived in saltwater.
Example Ans:
The given diagram illustrates the life cycle of the salmon. It is clear to see that the salmon lives in the both, fresh water as well as sea water.
The salmon lays its eggs in the upper river, where the water is slow moving. The spawn rests in the cover of reeds and small stones for 5 - 6 months, after which the eggs hatch into 'fry', which are 3 - 8 cm in length. These 'fry' live in the lower fast flowing river or estuary for the next 4 years approximately. Here the 'fry' grow bigger and are now called 'smolt', which are 12 - 15 cm in length.
The 'smolt', which is their home for another 5 years roughly. Eventually, the salmon attains its full size of 70 - 76 cm in the ocean. After about 5 years, the salmon swims back to its birthplace to lay its eggs and die.
Overall, the salmon passed through three distinct stages - the 'fry', the 'smolt' and the adult salmon. The first two stages are in fresh water and the last stage is in saline water. No wonder the salmon is called the super fish, as it lives in both - fresh and saline water.
2. The diagram shows how rainwater is collected for the use of drinking water in an Australian town.
Ans: The diagram illustrates how an Australian town collects rainwater to process in order to use as drinking water.
Overall, rainwater collected from houses can be used for drinking after it has been processed by being filtered and then being treated with chemicals.
Initially, the rain which falls on the rooftop is collected by the gutter and then runs down the pipe at the side of the house into the drain at the bottom. Each house collects rain water in this way and the rainwater is then passed along underground drains to the water filter.
The rainwater passes through the water filter to remove any impurites. Once it has been filtered, it continues along the pipes to a storage tank. From this point, the water goes from storage to the water tratment. At this stage of the process, the water is treated with chemicals in order to make it fit for consumption. When the water is ready for drinking, it travels along pipes that lead back into the houses in the town where people can use the water for daily consumption.
Example Ans:
The given diagram illustrates how rainwater is hervested to use as drinking water in an Australian town. A quick glance at the diagram makes it clear that rainwater is filtered and also treated chemically before sending it back to the houses for use by the people.
Initially, every house collects rainwater and sends it through drains to a water filter, where the water is first filtered to remove the impurities. After that the water is sent to a storage tank.
From this point onwards, the water is sent to a treatment, the water becomes germ free. This potable water is then sent to the houses for consumption by people.
Overall, it can be seen that rain water is not washed and successfully made fit for drinking in a very simple yet effective way by the residents of the Australian town.
Pictograph:
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
Q.3. The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Write at least 150 words.
Ans:
The diagrams illustrate the way in which cement is made and how it is then used in the process of making concrete. Overall, limestone and clay pass through four stages before being bagged ready for use as cement which then accounts for 15% of the four materials used to produce concrete.While the process of making cement uses a number of tools, the production of concrete requires only a concrete mixer.
In the first stage of making cement, limestone and clay are crushed together to form a powder. This powder is then combined in a mixer before passing into a rotating heater which has constant heat applied at one end of the tube. The resulting mixture is ground in order to produce cement. The final product is after wards put into bags ready to be used.Regarding the second diagram, concrete consists of mainly gravel, which is small stones, and this makes up 50% of the ingredients. The other materials used are sand (25%), cement (15%) and water (10%). These are all poured into a concrete mixer which continually rotates to combine the materials and ultimately produces concrete.
Ans:
The diagrams illustrate the processes and the equipments used to make cement, and how these are used to produce concrete for building purposes.The first step in cement production is to introduce limestone clay. These materials pass through crusher that produces a powder. Then this powder goes into a mixer. After this, the product passes to a rotating heater which works with heat. Afterward, the mixture goes into a grinder where the cement comes out. At the end of the process, the cement is packed in bags.Referring to concrete production, the process begins with a combination of 15% cement, 10% water, 25% and 50% cement gravel. These four elements are introduced into a concrete mixer.As mentioned above, concrete production takes fewer steps that cement production, however, it is necessary to use more materials than the latter process in order to obtain the final product.The last difference between both processes is that the concrete mixer does not work with heat.
4. The diagram below shows the production of olive oil.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.
Ans: The given process illustrates the stages in the production of olive oil. It is clear from the picture that there are seven main stages from the picking to the final sale.
To start with, olives are picked from the olive trees. After that, the fresh olive are washed in cold water and rinsed several times until they are clean enough. Then the olives are put on a belt before being put in a smashing device in which they are smashed and separated into olive stones and olive paste.
In the fourth stage, the olive paste is put into bag with holes and the whole thing is put in a pressing apparatus where it is pressed to get the maximum possible liquid. In the sixth step this liquid is put in another saparating device in which it is separated into oil and water. The water and oil come out through separate outlets. Finally, oil is packed in bottles for storage and sale in the market.
Overall, it is seen that olive oil manufacturing is a complex process involving many steps and many devices.
5. The diagram below describes the structure of a home smokery and how it works.
summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
Ans: The diagram demonstrates how a home smokery works. It can be seen that there are mainly three steps involved in the process.
The home smokery machine has three parts. The first part is an empty underground section with a lid on top at ground level. Fresh air is allowed to flow into the machine and opening the lid. The fresh air then goes into the second part of the machine, which is very similar to the first part.
In this part, a fire is started by adding logs through the lid on top. Once the fire is burning, the heat from it is coursed through a narrow pipe than leads to a box. This box is the third part of the machine and is located at ground level. In second part of the machine cooks the food items.
Overall, the diagram depicts that there are three steps in the process of cooking food in Home Smokery.
6. The graphs below show the development of the cutting tools made by stone. One was made 1.4 million years ago, and the other was made 800 thousand years ago. The back view, front view and side view have been given.
Summarize the inforamtion by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The given diagram illustrates the cutting tool and how it was advanced, from 1.4 million years ago to 800 thousand years ago. It can be clearly seen that the stone was improved into a sharper and better one, over the years.
The stone tool made 1.4 million years ago was more rounded at the top and bottom edges. From the front and the back view of the tool it is clear that the diameter in the middle was almost 5 cm and towards the top and bottom, it was around 3 cm wide. The side view shows that the tool was wider in the middle, with a thickness of around 3 cm wide. The side view shows that the tool was wider in the middle, with a thickness of around 3 cm and it tapered towards the top and the bottom ends. The back of the stone had fewer cuts than the front and they were also not very fine.
800 thousand years ago, this tool developed into a sharper, more refined tool. In the front and the back view, it can be seen that the maximum diameter of the tool was the same as in the older tool, but it was more towards the lower side. The bottom tapered into a 1 cm point, but the top tapered more sharly into a 1 cm point. The side view makes it clear that it was much lesser in width (1.5 cm) than the older tool. The stone was more chiseled than the previous one.
Overall, it can be observed that the tool was improved over the years to a more refined and finer cutting tool.
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